Django 给前端传递参数的两种方式

错误

使用daphne启动django channels项目时候报以下错误

$ daphne  k8sDashboard.asgi:application
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/vagrant/.local/bin/daphne", line 8, in <module>
    sys.exit(CommandLineInterface.entrypoint())
  File "/home/vagrant/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/daphne/cli.py", line 170, in entrypoint
    cls().run(sys.argv[1:])
  File "/home/vagrant/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/daphne/cli.py", line 232, in run
    application = import_by_path(args.application)
  File "/home/vagrant/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/daphne/utils.py", line 12, in import_by_path
    target = importlib.import_module(module_path)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.8/importlib/__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1014, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 991, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 975, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 671, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 848, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 219, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "/home/vagrant/k8sDashboard/./k8sDashboard/asgi.py", line 17, in <module>
    from channels.auth import AuthMiddlewareStack
  File "/home/vagrant/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/channels/auth.py", line 12, in <module>
    from django.contrib.auth.models import AnonymousUser
  File "/home/vagrant/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/models.py", line 3, in <module>
    from django.contrib.auth.base_user import AbstractBaseUser, BaseUserManager
  File "/home/vagrant/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/base_user.py", line 48, in <module>
    class AbstractBaseUser(models.Model):
  File "/home/vagrant/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 108, in __new__
    app_config = apps.get_containing_app_config(module)
  File "/home/vagrant/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 253, in get_containing_app_config
    self.check_apps_ready()
  File "/home/vagrant/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 136, in check_apps_ready
    raise AppRegistryNotReady("Apps aren't loaded yet.")
django.core.exceptions.AppRegistryNotReady: Apps aren't loaded yet.

解决方案

在开头添加 django.setup()

# cat k8sDashboard/asgi.py
import os
import workload.routing
import django
os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'k8sDashboard.settings')
# 使用daphne 启动时候需要加上django.setup()
django.setup()

from channels.auth import AuthMiddlewareStack
from channels.routing import ProtocolTypeRouter, URLRouter
from django.core.asgi import get_asgi_application


application = ProtocolTypeRouter({
    "http": get_asgi_application(),
    # Just HTTP for now. (We can add other protocols later.)
    "websocket": AuthMiddlewareStack(
        URLRouter(
            workload.routing.websocket_urlpatterns
        )
    ),
})